The Iron Cross (“Eisernes Kreuz”), a military decoration only awardable in wartime, was established by Friedrich Wilhelm III in 1813. It was originally only intended for use during the wars against Napoleon, but was reinstated in 1870 for the Franco-Prussian War by Wilhelm I. Mechanisms to award it were not in place during the other two great wars of ‘48 - ‘71, namely the Schleswig “Deutsch-Dänischer Krieg” and the Austro-Prussian “Deutscher Krieg” Wars.
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